Main Article: History
Main article: History of the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Oil regarding the founding of the University of San Marcos in Lima, officially the first university in Peru and America, and his manager Fray Tomas de San Martin. The origin of the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos is also the source of higher education in Peru, which dates back to the General Studies carried into the cloisters of the Convent of the Rosary of the Order of Santo Domingo, near the Plaza de Weapons to 1549, which had as main objective to meet the needs of training and education of clergy in the new Spanish Empire conquered territory.Subsequently, the council sent to Spain to Lima Fray Tomas de San Martin and Captain Juan Jeronimo de Aliaga, who-thanks largely to the efforts of first-order get the foundation of the university by Emperor Charles I of Spain and V, Holy Roman Emperor and Queen Joanna of Castile, daughter of the Catholic kings, by royal decree issued on May 12, 1551 in Valladolid, thus officially took place the foundation of the Royal College of the City de los Reyes, also referred to as Real Universidad de Lima. The reading of the royal decree, formally authorizing the operation of the “Universidad de Lima”, said the mission: “indoctrinate residents of these lands in the Christian faith and submission to the King. “With this principle, the university was formally launched on January 2, 1553, in the Chapter of the “Convent of Our Lady of the Rosary of the Dominican Order, under the leadership of its first rector Fray Juan Bautista de la Roca , the initial chair was delivered by Andres Carrillo Cosme Cianca and Corona, both under the supervision of the rector. The historic chapter house at the Convent of the Rosary of the Dominican, where he began work at the University of San Marcos. The guidance, in principle, strictly monastic and the exclusiveness and conservation of the Dominicans, and the continuous decline in members of other congregations led to the Dominicans lose their dominance and also a reaction generated by lay teachers, the claim increased openness led to ask the Royal Court meeting of the Royal Decree of 1570, which provided a free choice of the rector by the faculty teachers.The complaint went to the Viceroy Francisco de Toledo who befriended and ended the claim with the election of Dr. Peter Fernandez Valenzuela on May 11, 1571, the first lay rector, and the significant change in the orientation of the university. The officers of the university is reaffirmed by Nobis He stated the papal bull of Pius V on July 25, 1571, after receiving the “Go Regio Council Indies it subtracted the ecclesiastical courts to declare that” absolves friars, readers, teachers, students and anyone of you from any and all criticisms, judgments and ecclesiastical penalties, for any reason and cause incurred, acquired with this asimismola university degree of papal bull by what became known as the Real y Pontificia Universidad City of the Kings of Lima.Produced this first reform, the university moved to its second location, near the outskirts of San Marcelo “, where he had worked before the Convent of the Order of St. Augustine. On September 6, 1574 is chosen by lot the official name of the university, taking the evangelist St. Mark as patron of the institution and the official name of Royal and Pontifical University of San Marcos. In 1575, the university setting changes again, and placed in the Old Square Pond, later called Plaza of the Inquisition, where the building is now the Congress of Peru, place to continue its operation throughout the period of the Viceroyalty of Peru. Engraving of the old facade of the premises where the University ofSan Marcos ran throughout the viceroyalty, then this place would be transferred to the nascent Congress of Peru.The University of Lima, now officially named “University of San Marcos, began its work in the colonial era with the Faculties of Theology and the Arts, then it would create the canons of Law and Medicine, however academically when the standards who ruled in Spain, or start their duties with teaching philosophy as a foundation for any further studies. On November 27, 1579 asked teachers to King Philip II’s charter governing institution in the University of Salamanca, a legal medieval-history of the current university autonomy, which empowered the president to the exclusion of ordinary courts, have civil and professional jurisdiction over members of the faculty.
